نستور ماخنو
صحنه های بیادماندنی فیلم در زیر.
پی از
انقلاب اکتبر در امپراتوری روسیه دهقانان اوکراینی به ویژه در جنوب، با خودداری از
پذیرش شرایط پیمان برست ـ لیتووسک (Brest-Litovsk منعقده در مارس ۱۹۱۸) که طی آن مقامات جوان بلشویک اوکراین را به امپراتوری اتریش-آلمان واگذار کردند، در
قالب یک ارتش پارتیزانی گرد هم آمدند و ماخنو را از
میان خودشان به فرماندهی ارتش برگزیدند.
نستور
ماخنو توانست نظام تقسیم اراضی و قانون اساسی شوراها را به اجرا بگذارد. در این
قانون، شوراها از جایگاه مجامع آزاد فدرال برخوردار بودند. به همین دلیل، پس از
پیمان صلح ۱۱ نوامبر، ۱۹۱۸ او با نیروهای ملی‌گرای سیمون پتلیورا (Simon
Petlioura) و سپس با روس‌های
سفید به فرماندهی آنتون دنیکین (Anton Denikine) که تحت حمایت نیروهای متفق فرانسوی
و بریتانیایی قرار داشت به جنگ پرداخت؛ نیروهای متفق درصدد بودند که به هر قیمتی
شده از گسترش جنبش انقلابی به سوی اروپای شرقی جلوگیری کنند. ارتش
پارتیزانی ماخنو ضمن حفظ استقلال خود پیمانی با ارتش سرخ در مقابل این دشمن مشترک
به امضا رساند، اما بعدها به این ارتش پارتیزانی خیانت شد و جنبش از هم فروپاشید.
از نظر تروتسکی، این ارتش فقط «شورشی با عناوین پوششی بود که تلاش می‌کرد
حکومتی بورژوازی را به نفع کولاک‌ها
به قدرت برساند.» اما در واقع، مدافعین حکومت تک‌حزبی بلشویکی نمی‌توانستند تحقق
عملی شعارهای استقلال و دموکراسی مستقیم را تحمل نمایند. ماخنو که تحت تعقیب قرار
گرفته بود مجبور شد در اوت ۱۹۲۱
میدان نبرد را ترک کند و به کشور رومانی پناهنده شود. او سرانجام در سال۱۹۲۵ به پاریس
رسید، مدتی در شرکت رنو مشغول به کار شد و سرانجام در حالی که تقریباً از سوی همه به
فراموشی سپرده شده بود در ژوئیه۱۹۳۴ در اثر بیماری سل در گذشت.
Down with the Leninist tyrants.
توجه: فیلم ترجمه نشده و به زبان اصلی است. و 12 قسمتی.صحنه های بیادماندنی فیلم در زیر.
жизней Нестора Махно 1
жизней Нестора Махно 2
жизней Нестора Махно 3
жизней Нестора Махно 4
жизней Нестора Махно 5
жизней Нестора Махно 6
жизней Нестора Махно 7
жизней Нестора Махно 8
жизней Нестора Махно 9
жизней Нестора Махно 10
жизней Нестора Махно 11
жизней Нестора Махно 12
1934 -- Nestor
Makhno, Ukrainian anarchist guerilla leader who fought reactionaries on the
left & the right (both the Bolshevik Red Army & the rightwing White
armies, dies, the evening of July 24-25, in
exile in Paris, age
44, from tuberculosis.
Nestor Makhno
Памяти Нестора
Ивановича Махно.
NESTOR MAKHNO
brave heart of Ukraine.Bella Ciao.
1920 -- Russia:
Red Army led by "Snowball" (Trotsky's name in Orwell's Animal
Farm) & Kamenov murders Makhnovist anarchist delegation under a flag of
truce & attacks agrarian commune federation.
Yesterday
Makhno's anarchist commanders in the Crimea,
fresh from victories over General Wrangel's rightwing White army, met with
Trotsky's leftwing Red Army under a flag of truce. They were seized &
immediately shot.
Also during
this month, following the Red Army's killing of Nestor Makhno's commanders in
the Crimea while
negotiating under a white flag, Beloved & Respected Comrade Leader Leon
Trotsky orders an attack on Makhno's headquarters; Makhno manages to escape,
eventually reaching Paris
where he lives in exile. Trotsky orders the arrest & imprisonment of
Russian anarchist Voline .
1920 -- Russia:
Leon Trotsky (aka "The Red Butcher") orders an attack on Nestor
Makhno's headquarters. Yesterday Makhno's anarchist commanders were executed
after being lured to a meeting with Trotsky under a flag of truce. The Cheka
simultaneously arrests members of the Nabat Confederation in Kharkov
& raids anarchist clubs & organizations throughout Russia
The Nine Lives
of nestor Makhno" – trailer
anarchistnews.org
Narrator: (Orthodox Church scene) For some
people, the path from the craddle to the grave is clear and simple.
Narrator: (Street w/red flag) And we can easiliy describe them as "bad" or "good."
Narrator: (Chain gang) But there are others, who're so multifarious, so contradictory in their own thoughts and deeds, and (shaking hands with Bolsheviks) their place in history is so convoluted that (vintage footage of
soldiers) noone knows who they really are -- villains or heroes.
Narrator: (Makhno prison footage) And one of these people is Nestor Makhno.
Makhno: I'm an anarchist ["Ya Anarkhyst" with a Ukranian accent]
Narrator: (Makhno & crew shots) Benevolent dreams of liberty, of human fraternity, of their welfare...
Makhno: We're not building merely an island of happiness, we're building a whole world.
Narrator: ...mix together with (execution squad) senseless killings, of sometimes innocent people (shot in the back of the head).
While malice and hatred towards enemies intertwine with an unfathomable grief over murdered children (grenade thrown into house).
Makhno: ..inaudible yelling... Zaraza! Zaraza! (yelling at the purpetrator, calling him names, something like "That disease-ridden fuck!")
Narrator: His army fought everyone under the sun. One day, it would make alliances with yesterday's enemies, while on the next (bolsheviks in office), today's allies betrayed them.
Bolshevik: (in black leather jacket)Makhno's destiny's been decided on. He used to be a fellow traveller of The Revolution. He's become its enemy.
Narrator: All human virtues and weaknesses accompanied Bat'ka Makhno and his army. But the chief aim, the main slogan of his life remained unchangeable...
Makhno: I don't promise you the sweet life! But no matter what, we'll take our freedom!
Narrator: (Street w/red flag) And we can easiliy describe them as "bad" or "good."
Narrator: (Chain gang) But there are others, who're so multifarious, so contradictory in their own thoughts and deeds, and (shaking hands with Bolsheviks) their place in history is so convoluted that (vintage footage of
soldiers) noone knows who they really are -- villains or heroes.
Narrator: (Makhno prison footage) And one of these people is Nestor Makhno.
Makhno: I'm an anarchist ["Ya Anarkhyst" with a Ukranian accent]
Narrator: (Makhno & crew shots) Benevolent dreams of liberty, of human fraternity, of their welfare...
Makhno: We're not building merely an island of happiness, we're building a whole world.
Narrator: ...mix together with (execution squad) senseless killings, of sometimes innocent people (shot in the back of the head).
While malice and hatred towards enemies intertwine with an unfathomable grief over murdered children (grenade thrown into house).
Makhno: ..inaudible yelling... Zaraza! Zaraza! (yelling at the purpetrator, calling him names, something like "That disease-ridden fuck!")
Narrator: His army fought everyone under the sun. One day, it would make alliances with yesterday's enemies, while on the next (bolsheviks in office), today's allies betrayed them.
Bolshevik: (in black leather jacket)Makhno's destiny's been decided on. He used to be a fellow traveller of The Revolution. He's become its enemy.
Narrator: All human virtues and weaknesses accompanied Bat'ka Makhno and his army. But the chief aim, the main slogan of his life remained unchangeable...
Makhno: I don't promise you the sweet life! But no matter what, we'll take our freedom!
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